John Steinbeck
John SteinbeckJohn Steinbeck, a 20th century novelist, was the recipient of numerous awards including the Nobel Prize. Steinbeck, a conservative that valued the old America, could produce pages of beauty followed by pages of sheer trash writing using specific characteristics, which his work is characterized by. John Steinbeck�s work is characterized by symbolism and allegory, which can be seen in his novels The Pearl, The Grapes ofWrath, and his short story �Flight.�
In his short story, "Flight," John Steinbeck uses many examples of symbolism, which is one way you can characterize John Steinbecks� work. Symbolism can be a person, place, or thing used to portray something beyond itself. The most repeatedly used symbol in �Flight� is the color black. In literature many authors use the color black to represent death. In his short story, �Flight,� Steinbeck has numerous examples of color symbolism. A few examples are the black handle on the long blade, Pepe�s black hair, and the black jerky. Another example may be found when Pep� puts on his fathers black coat, which represents death. When Pep� puts on the coat he is literally covering himself with death. Another fine example is the trail in which Pep� travels. Steinbeck describes the path as a well-worn black path. By traveling on this path he is in fact taking the road of death. Furthermore Pep�'s appearance also helps foreshadow the ending. Steinbeck describes him as having a black hat that covers his black thatched hair. Pep� is also described as being dark, lean and tall. Another example is Pep�'s shack. The shack is described as weathered and very old. It casts a rather large shadow to the Northeast. The darkness of the shadow symbolizes death in the home. As we can readily see, the authors use of black symbolism in the story tells us that the main character, Pep�, is impending death (pg. 225).
Another form of symbolism that Steinbeck utilizes, which is also in �Flight,� is nature symbolism. Throughout the story he uses nature to symbolize a variety of things. An example of nature symbolism is water, which is used to represent life. Some examples in the short story �Flight� are Pepes� water bag that he hung over his horses� shoulder, which began to leak, symbolizing Pepes� life leaking away. Another example is
when Pepe was traveling he started out close to the river and got further and further away as he traveled, symbolizing getting further away from life (pg. 225).
Direction is another symbol Steinbeck uses, which is in �Flight� as well. In �Flight� direction is used to symbolize positive and pejorative effects. North and East are generally "good" directions. Many people feel this came about when the early man saw the sun rise in the East. On the contrary, the directions South and West are generally "bad" directions. Basically this is because the sun sets in the West. The direction up, which is also the way to heaven is generally "good," while down, the direction of hell, is considered to...
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