Rasmussens Encephalitis
Rasmussens EncephalitisThe human immune system is an amazing system that is constantly on the alert protecting us from
sicknesses. Thousands of white blood cells travel in our circulatory system destroying all foreign
substances that could cause harm to our body or to any of the millions of processes going on inside. Now
imagine a condition where this awesome system turns against the most complex organ in the human body,
the brain. Deadly as it is, this condition is known as Rasmussen’s encephalitis.
The meaningful research on Rasmussen’s encephalitis was begun (unintentionally) by Scott Rogers
and Lorise Gahring, two neurologists, who were at the time measuring the distribution of glutamate
receptors in the brain. Later on when more provocative information was found they enlisted the help of
James McNamara and Ian Andrews, epilepsy experts at Duke University Medical Center.
The details on Rasmussen’s encephalitis were very bleak at the time when the men began their
research. All that was known is that Rasmussen’s encephalitis was a degenerative disease of the brain
that caused seizures, hemiparesis, and dementia normally in the first ten years of life. The seizures that
were caused by Rasmussen’s encephalitis were unstoppable by normal anti-seizure drugs used
conventionally. What the worst part of the disease was that the pathogenesis for it were not known and
even worse was how it developed.
The first clue was delivered when Rogers and Gahring were trying to register the distribution of the
glutamate receptors using antibodies, that tag on to the receptor itself. The proteins that make up the
glutamate receptors(GluR) are only found inside the blood brain barrier(BBB). Glutamate and a few
related amino acids are the dominant form of excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of
mammals. If one of these GluRs happens to wander into the actual bloodstream, that is outside the BBB,
it would be considered an outsider and destroyed immediately. So if these GluRs were put into the normal
blood stream then the immune system would produce antibodies which could then be used in the
searching for the glutamate receptors.
In order to test this theory the researchers injected the GluRs into the blood stream of a normal
healthy rabbit hoping to produce good results. At this point the experiment took a dramatic turn, after
receiving a few doses of the protein two of the three rabbits began to twitch, as though they were suffering
the pain of an epileptic seizure. Now the help of McNamara and Andrews was enlisted.
When McNamara and Andrews examined the brain tissue of the rabbits, they saw what seemed to be...
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