Science Essays
Galileo and the telescope
Galileo and the telescope Galileo was not the person who invented the telescope, but he was the first one to use the telescope to study the heavens. He made many observations using the telescope that shocked the religious world. In this short essay, I will only focus on three observations and how an Aristotlean reacts to it. These observations played a very important role on the development of astronomy. The first object he observed was the moon. Through his observations he concluded that ...
Gas laws (cemistry)
Gas laws (cemistry) Chemistry Independent Study: Gas Laws Gas Laws Since the days of Aristotle, all substances have been classified into one of three physical states. A substance having a fixed volume and shape is a solid. A substance, which has a fixed volume but not a fixed shape, is a liquid; liquids assume the shape of their container but do not necessarily fill it. A substance having neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume is a gas; gases assume both the shape and the volume ...
Gene Therapy
Gene Therapy In research facilities all around the world scientist are attempting to stop diseases at their very roots. Instead of trying to find drugs to cure illnesses they are trying to change the genes that cause the diseases. The process by which this is done is called gene therapy. Gene therapy is the deliberate alteration of the human genome for alleviation of disease. The studies of gene therapy began in the mid 1980's to early 1990's. The focus then was "treating diseases cause...
Gene therapy 2
Gene therapy 2 In research facilities all around the world scientist are attempting to stop diseases at their very roots. Instead of trying to find drugs to cure illnesses they are trying to change the genes that cause the diseases. The process by which this is done is called gene therapy. Gene therapy is the deliberate alteration of the human genome for alleviation of disease. The studies of gene therapy began in the mid 1980's to early 1990's. The focus then was "treating diseases cau...
Fusion 2
Fusion 2 Fusion reactions are inhibited by the electrical repulsive force that acts between two positively charged nuclei. For fusion to occur, the two nuclei must approach each other at high speed to overcome the electrical repulsion and attain a sufficiently small separation (less than one-trillionth of a centimeter) that the short-range strong nuclear force dominates. For the production of useful amounts of energy, a large number of nuclei must under go fusion: that is to say, a gas of...
Future of radio and the internet
Future of radio and the internet The future of radio and the future of the Internet are irrevocably intertwined. Recently, radio has begun to be broadcast over the Internet, and Internet content has begun to be broadcast over the airwaves. For this exchange of positions to occur, there needs to be a change in transmission of sound from the standard analogue of radio, to the digital nature of the Internet. Analogue audio will become extinct in the near future. Although sound in nature an...
Future psychology
Future psychology The Future Many time periods have been interesting to those who were living in them. Things aren’t going to change overnight, even if they change rapidly. Some issues are enormous, fundamental and long-term, such as male dominance, social victimization, or urban sprawl. Meanwhile other critical issues play a smaller part, such as disposable packaging, youth crime, family arguments that lead into gunfire and screeching tires. Some things definitely must go beca...
From legend to science the health benefits of tea
From legend to science the health benefits of tea From Legend to Science: the Health Benefits of Tea Throughout the world, tea and coffee rival each other as mankind's most popular brewed beverages. For thousands of years, however, tea has had one great advantage over coffee: it is believed to have a wide range of medicinal properties. In his book, Tea in China, John C. Evans states that ��if tea had not possessed a medical reputation, the beverage we know today might never have exist...
From water to land
From water to land From Water to Land (Revision) Abstract: The early tetrapods were the first vertebrates to actually walk the solid earth. They began their conquest of land in the Paleozoic era around 360 million years ago. The question many paleontologists have been asking for a long period of time is whether the anatomy for locomotion on land was developed in water for swimming purposes, or if it was adapted after the creatures became terrestrial. Recent findings of fossils indicate ...
Fuel Cell
Fuel Cell Introduction: Ballard Power System is the world leader in developing and commercializing proton exchange membrane fuel cell power systems. At the heart of this corporation is the Ballard Fuel Cell, a propriety zero-emission engine that converts natural gas, methanol, or hydrogen fuel directly into electricity without combustion. Over the last several years, many large corporations including Daimler-Benz, Chrysler, Honda, General Motors, Nissan, Hitachi, Volkswagen, Volvo, and GPU...
Functions of the digestive and kidney systems of the body
Functions of the digestive and kidney systems of the body 1. You eat a hot dog, leave the bun, describe the physiological response to the increased food in your stomach. Food inters the stomach and it increases the pH and H+ decreases thus the stomach get more basic. The stomach walls are also stretched. Chemoreceptors and stretch receptors detect the change in pH and the stretch on the walls. Nerve impulses travel to the submucosal plexus this stimulates parasympathetic fiber. Wave...
Fungus
Fungus Fungus The Latin word for mushroom is fungus (plural, fungi). The word fungus has come to stand for a whole group of simple plants that contain no chlorophyll and lack such complex plant structures as roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. Included among the fungi, along with mushrooms, are molds, mildews, rusts, smuts, truffles, and yeasts. Toadstool is another name for mushroom. Some people use the name toadstool only when referring to poisonous mushrooms, but botanists make no such ...
Formation of protocells
Formation of protocells Today, we've realised that the very first life on Earth was indeed originated from abiotic surroundings. In fact, organic molecules have been successfully generated from abiotic elements by scientists To understand how this creation of life from abiotic material occured, we have to consider a critical idea. Life originated from its abiotic surroundings. Thus, it is important for us to learn about the physical and chemical environments of the primitive Earth. The at...
Fossil fuels and alternative energy sources
Fossil fuels and alternative energy sources “Shifting Power” Since the beginning of industry humans have been in search of fuel to power machines and generate energy. Fossil fuels, such as crude oil and coal, discovered beneath the Earth’s surface were found to be an excellent source of fuel. These fossil fuels are burnt in order to generate the energy required to complete various tasks. However, we are now realizing the problems that are created by using fossil fuel...
Freedom of bytes
Freedom of bytes Freedom of Bytes In today’s era there exists a medium, which like never before is becoming a medium of communication and interaction between humans, namely the World Wide Web. This old but yet new medium is expanding and changing rapidly, thus making it close to impossible to control. The World Wide Web is offering more to society now than it ever has before, created by the army to keep up communications during crisis, it’s importance to the army has a...
Frog disection
Frog disection FROG’S DIGESTION SYSTEM Frogs have a mouth, which serves as an insect trap. The mouth, consist of a tongue and two sets of special teeth. The frog has a large elastic gullet that allows it to swallow large prey. Food passes from the gullet through the tubular esophagus and then into the stomach. Then chemical digestion occurs in the stomach and the small intestine with the help of the digestive enzymes that are released by the liver and pancreas. (Giffard, R. & N...
Forensic psychology
Forensic psychology Forensic psychology is something that I have been interested in for quite some time; for an explanation of what forensic psychology is here is a broad explanation from Dr. Joseph Davis, "Forensics literally translated from Latin means "in the forum". A place to argue, to debate and to render an opinion regarding such facts. (Swenson) Our forum today is what we call the courtroom. The Trier of Fact is the Jury (they listen to the arguments in the forum and are given g...
Forensic science
Forensic science Forensic Science, also known as Forensics, is the application of science to law. It uses highly developed technology to uncover scientific evidence in a variety of fields. Modern forensic science has a broad range of applications. It is used in civil cases such as forgeries, fraud or negligence. The most common use of forensic science is to investigate criminal cases involving a victim, such as assault, robbery, kidnapping , rape, or murder. Forensic science i...
Forest management
Forest management Forest management is the maintaining and management of not only the trees in the forest, but the streams, habitat, watersheds, and even the decaying trees or logs on the forest floor. Managing our forests is not only important to the wildlife, but to our future economy and way of life. We need to continue to save the Oregon forests and help the ecosystems within them because human beings are also part of the ecosystem. By using forest management, it can help...
Forests and oceans as carbon sinks
Forests and oceans as carbon sinks SOURCES: 1) The amount of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere has been increasing rapidly over the last few decades and continues to do so. 2) Historically, the trends in increase of carbon dioxide started in the late 1700's. This was the approximate time of the Industrial Revolution. At this time, the carbon dioxide concentration was around 270 ppm (pounds per million). Concentrations grew very slowly from this time until the twentieth century. ...
Fire 2
Fire 2 Introduction Fire is a topic on which most people can comment. Fire is a widespread phenomenon. Most of us have seen fires in natural vegetation, or their effects; stark, blackened vegetation or a smoke pall. Because fires such as these can have damaging economic and social effects, can spoil forestry timber, can burn down houses and farms, and can kill people and animals, there has been a lot written about wildfires. Added to this wide perception of the damage that can be caus...
Fishes
Fishes There are two classes of fishlike creatures in the Chordate Phylum. The first is Chondrichthyes Class, which comprises mainly of Sharks and Rays. The seconds is the common Bony fishes of the class Ostechithyes. The apparent similarities between each speech are only skin deep. They have similar dapperly solely because of convergent evolution and not because of any close evolution connection. There paired fins can identify class Chrondrichthyes, which comprises namely of sharks an...
Five components of my humanness
Five components of my humanness Five Components of My Humanness My five components of humanness are physical, intellectual, social, emotional, and spiritual. My physical self is quite healthy because I fulfill the requirements of the FITT principle. The letters of FITT represent frequency, intensity, time and type. My intellectual self is interesting because I am mainly right-brained which means that I tend to use my creativity more than my mathematical skills. I am also a visual learned w...
Flesh eating bacteria
Flesh-eating bacteria Some call it “horror” and some call it “the super germ”, but now, our always known “regular” bacteria, those one-celled creatures once considered under control with antibiotics, have invaded our hospitals and headlines with a vengeance. The vengeance used against us is caused by an existing organism called necrotizing fasciitis, the so-called flesh-eating bacteria, caused by Group A streptococcus. What this organism does is progress...
Fluorescence study of dyes
Fluorescence study of dyes Fluorescence Study of the Kinetics of Energy Transfer Between Dyes 1. Introduction Coumarin 1 and Sodium fluorescein are two dyes which absorb and emit light in the visible region. By using a spectrophotometer we are recording an absorption spectrum and then determining the molar decadic absorption coefficients, which will be used later to interpret and analyse the fluorescence spectra. For fluorescence spectra, there are two kinds, the excitation...