Science Essays
Muscular Dystrophy
Muscular Dystrophy Muscular dystrophy refers to, not one, but a group of muscle diseases. These diseases have three features in common: they are hereditary; they are progressive; and each causes a characteristic and selective pattern of weakness. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most prevalent and severe childhood form of this group of diseases. Each form of muscular dystrophy is caused by a defect in a specific gene. In 1986, scientists discovered exactly which piece of genet...
Mononucleosis
Mononucleosis Infectious mononucleosis -- known popularly as "mono" or "the kissing disease" -- has been recognized for more than a century. An estimated 90 percent of mononucleosis cases are caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a member of the herpes virus group. Most of the remaining cases are caused by certain other herpes viruses, particularly cytomegalo virus. This fact sheet focuses on mononucleosis caused by EBV. EBV is a common virus that scientists estimate has infected over 90 p...
Monosaccharides
Monosaccharides Monosaccharide also called SIMPLE SUGAR, any of the basic compounds that serve as the building blocks of carbohydrates. Monosaccharides are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones; that is, they are molecules with more than one hydroxyl group (-OH), and a carbonyl group (C=O) either at the terminal carbon atom (aldose) or at the second carbon atom (ketose). The carbonyl group combines in aqueous solution with one hydroxyl group to form a cyclic compound (hemi-acetal or hemi-keta...
Mosquitoes
Mosquitoes Flying Pins Mosquitoes are insects belonging to the order Diptera. Only females bite. Female mosquitoes have a long piercing proboscis (mouthpart) they use to extract blood from other animals. After mating with a male, the female needs a meal of blood to keep her developing eggs healthy. Male mosquitoes do not have a proboscis which allows them to pierce skin. Their food source is nectar. Mosquitoes can carry diseases such as malaria, yellow fever and dengue fever to humans...
Mountain gorillas
Mountain gorillas Half man and half beast. This is what is usually said about the gorilla. They say that the gorilla is related to us. You can find mountain gorillas in the Virunga Volcanoes, which are located on the boundaries of Zaire, Rwanda, and Uganda. The Virungas are 600 miles of tropical rainforest. You’ll find then roaming around 7,800 and 11,000 feet, but at low elevations. The gorillas live in units. Most of the units consist of about 6-12 members in it, most of th...
Monarch butterflies coevolution with milkweed
Monarch butterflies coevolution with milkweed Monarch Butterflies (Danaus plexippus) and Butterfly Weed (Asclepias tuberosa) Monarch Butterflies and Butterfly Weed, a type of milkweed, have coevolved as plant and pollinator. This means that they both rely on one another to survive. Milkweed is the primary source of nutrition for monarchs. Monarchs only eat Asclepias tuberosa a particular species of Milkweed. The monarch relies on toxins in the milkweed to fend off predators such as bir...
Mono 2
Mono 2 Infectious Mononucleosis known popularly as "mono" is a infectious disease caused by the Epstien-Barr virus in a estimated 90 percent of cases ( EBV ) a member of the herpes family. The remaining cases are caused by a certain herpes virus, or cytomegalovirus. Mononucleosis is taken from the name of the blood's mononuclear cells, white blood cells ( B cells ) increase in the person blood stream when a person has this disease. It is estimated that seventy to eighty per...
Mononucleosis 2
Mononucleosis 2 Mononucleosis is a disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which is a member of the herpes family. The herpes family also includes viruses that cause cold sores, chicken pox, genital herpes, and birth defects (7). Mono, short for mononucleosis (3) “gets its name from the fact that it causes a person’s white blood cells to become distorted, so that they have only one nucleus (becoming mononuclear) instead of the usual divided nucleus.” (3) The fir...
Mononucleosis 3
Mononucleosis 3 Infectious mononucleosis -- known popularly as "mono" or "the kissing disease" -- has been recognized for more than a century. An estimated 90 percent of mononucleosis cases are caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a member of the herpes virus group. Most of the remaining cases are caused by certain other herpes viruses, particularly cytomegalo virus. This fact sheet focuses on mononucleosis caused by EBV. EBV is a common virus that scientists estimate has infected over 90...
Mitochondrial dna
Mitochondrial dna G proteins, named after the fact they bond with guanine nucleotides, are largely responsible for intercellular communications within the human organism. These transmissions regulate such functions as hormone secretion, muscle contaction, and even cognition. These transmissions take place because of chemical reactions between enzymes that bind with the G proteins and change into enzymes that trigger other chemical reactions. These chemical reactions induce cellular change...
Mitosis in cancerous cells
Mitosis in cancerous cells Mitosis in cancerous cells Mitosis, the process in which a cell undergoes nuclear division, is one of the four subdivisions of the cell cycle responsible for cell growth and reproduction. The first step in mitosis is prophase. In prophase the chromatin, diffuse in interphase, condenses into chromosomes. Each chromosome duplicates and has become two sister chromatids. At the end of prophase, the nuclear envelope breaks down into vesicles. The following step ...
Mitosis
Mitosis In mitosis, there are five different stages. The first stage is interphase, next prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and last telephase. Interphase is the longest phase. In this phase, the centrioles begin to replicate, the DNA replicates, and all of the preparations are made to be ready for mitosis to take place. The chromatis is coiled up and consists of loose threads. In prophase, the next longest stage, the chromatin becomes chromatids which later form chromosomes. They are attached t...
Modernization of computers
Modernization of computers Since the first computer was made in the late fifties, the technology has developed extremely. Computers which took the place of a living-room then, are now being made in creditcard-formats. More and more areas are being taken overby the computer.As computers are capable of handling large amounts of data in a very shorttime, they are well suited for wordprocessing. I guess that it won't be longtill all the paper-archives are replaced by magnetic tapes and diskettes...
Millennium bug
Millennium bug What Effect will the Millennium Bug have on Society? People talk about the Millennium Bug, but few actually know what it is and how big an effect is could have. Virtually everything is our society is vulnerable, from water and electricity to our phone bills and savings accounts. The Millennium Bug is a design fault dating back to the early days of computers and the way they store time and date. When you turn on your computer it knows the time and date thanks to a built in...
Minerals
Minerals Mining is one of the largest commercial jobs. The word mining doesn’t sound very important to ordinary peoples who doesn’t know geology. After I read this book, I knew our culture need industrial minerals more than they need anything else except food, but even food could not be produced without minerals. There are only a few of the world’s five billion people who don’t rely on mineral everyday. Unfortunately, there is many factors concerning these industr...
Mistakes People Make With Ster
Mistakes People Make With Ster Mistakes People Make With Steroids Most people have the goal and dream to have the perfect body. They believe they will be more popular, or attractive if they achieve the body that they desire. But what lengths will people go to, to get the perfect body? One of the biggest problems in sports today, as many people know, is Steroids. Steroids can do wonders for your body, not only on the positive side, but the negative side as well. We all know they ...
Mistakes people make with steroids
Mistakes people make with steroids Mistakes People Make With Steroids Most people have the goal and dream to have the perfect body. They believe they will be more popular, or attractive if they achieve the body that they desire. But what lengths will people go to, to get the perfect body? One of the biggest problems in sports today, as many people know, is Steroids. Steroids can do wonders for your body, not only on the positive side, but the negative side as well. We all know t...
Mitochondria 2
Mitochondria 2 Mitochondria Mitochondria are tiny organelles found in nearly all eukaryotic cells. They are rather large organelles ranging from 0.5�m to 10�m in length and 1�m in diameter. The mitochondria are the energy factories of the cell and are located in the cytoplasm. They are the sites of cellular respiration. The mitochondria are responsible for generating ATP from such organic fuels as simple sugars and fats in the process of cellular respiration. This doubled-membran...
Meth labs
Meth labs Methamphetamines are powerfully addictive stimulants that dramatically affect the central nervous system. The drugs are made easily in clandestine, or illegal laboratories with cheap over the counter ingredients. These factors combine to make methamphetamines drugs extremely dangerous, and vulnerable to widespread use. Methamphetamines are also commonly known as speed, meth, or chalk. In its’ smoked form they are often referred to as ice, crystal, crank, or glass. They...
Meth
Meth Methamphetamine is an amphetamine that has been used in treating narcolepsy, Parkinson's Disease, and obesity. When used illegally, this drug, which is also called crank, speed, ice, chalk, crystal, and glass, may cause a person to be paranoid and violent. Crank can be smoked, snorted, sniffed, injected, or swallowed, and looks like a pill, powder, or clear chalk crystals. The drug was first originally synthesized in 1887 by a German Scientist. Meth was forgotten until ...
Mexican Grey Wolf
Mexican Grey Wolf The Health Effects of Marijuana on Humans Tim Murphy Introduction Marijuana has been used as a drug since the beginning of time, yet there are still many mysteries about its health effects on humans. Marijuana, or cannabis sativa, is a preparation of the crushed flowers and buds of female hemp plant. The existence of the plant has been reported as early as 1500-1200 BC. in China, and cannabis has been described as an analgesic as early as 200 AD . Since then, an overwhelmin...
Migraines
Migraines Migraine headaches are the result of a disturbance in the neurochemistry of the central nervous system. They are relatively common, affecting three times as many women as men. Migraine sufferers typically report a definite pattern to their headaches, and they can report what stimuli bring them on. Most migraine sufferers experience their first attack before the age of 20. There is no single cause of migraines, but the tendency to get migraines does tend to run in families. When a m...
Mercury
Mercury Mercury Mercury’s symbol is Hg, its atomic number is 80, its atomic mass is 200.59, its in group 12 and in period 6, and it also has two valence electrons. Its standard state is liquid at 298�K and it is the heaviest known elemental liquid. It has a silvery white color. It is named after the planet "Mercury" the origin of the symbol Hg is the Latin word "hydrargyrum" meaning "liquid silver". Mercury was known to ancient Chinese and Hindus before 2000 B.C. and was found...
Meta Physics
Meta Physics METAPHYSICS What is metaphysics? Metaphysics can be described as those things, which relate to external nature, after physics. The term was first used by the followers of Aristotle as a name for that part of his writings, which came after, or followed, the part, which treated of physics. This was Aristotle's first philosophy. His main concern was to obtain the type of knowledge that in his eyes earned the title "Wisdom." He didn't want to know only Wisdom, but there were things ...
Metabolic costs of generating force
Metabolic costs of generating force ENERGETCS OF BIPEDAL RUNNING 1. METABOLIC COST OF GENERATING FORCE Summary Similarly sized bipeds and quadrupeds use nearly the same amount of metabolic energy to run, despite dramatic differences in morphology and running mechanics. It has been shown that the rate of metabolic energy use in quadrupedal runners and bipedal hoppers can be predicted from just body weight and time available to generate force as indicated by the foot ground conta...